2018英语专四词汇同义词解析(二)

　　15.破碎

　　break: The most general one.

　　(压碎 压破) crush: To press together violently as to break, to destroy its shape by squeezing it. It suggests the effect of great external pressure.

　　The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it.

　　(打碎) smash: To break thoroughly to pieces with a crushing sound.

　　She dropped the plate and smashed it.

　　(打裂) crack: To break without separation of parts.

　　It suggests the breaking out across a surface.

　　He cracked the window by leaning against it.

　　(破裂) burst: To break open by pressure from within.

　　The fireworks burst while they were in the air.

　　(砸碎 破碎) shatter: To break into pieces.

　　It suggests the breaking up of a thin surface.

　　The glass was shattered to pieces.

　　(撞坏) crash: To refer to the vehicle which hits something and is badly damaged.

　　16.环境 形势

　　(环境 形势) conditions: The location and other factors likely to

　　affect it. It suggests something that has stayed the same for

　　some time and which affects daily life such as food, work, and houses.

　　We are now studying the economic conditions in the developing countries.

　　(形势) situation: A position or state at a particular time, set of conditions, facts, and events having an effect on a person, society, etc.

　　It suggests more general matters such as government planning and finance.

　　The political situation in these countries are always changing.

　　(环境 周围 外界) environment: The circumstances, things and conditions that influence you. It refers to spirit aspect, physical aspect and

　　material aspect. We must try to beautify our environment.

　　(形势 情况) circumstance(s): A situation or event around us, a certain kind of atmosphere, the conditions that affect

　　what happens. in (under) the circumstances

　　(环境 周围事物) surrounding(s): The area and environment around a place or

　　person. It indicates a very narrow condition, "physically" sometimes reflects spiritual aspect.

　　They lived in hostile surroundings.

　　17.著名的

　　well-known: (infl)

　　famous: The most general one. widely known or honored.

　　(杰出的 知名的) distinguished: Great, outstanding marked by excellent quality or deserved fame, used especially of people who are famous for serious work in science, the arts etc.

　　He was a distinguished writer.

　　(驰名的) celebrated: Famous, (substitute for renowned)

　　It refers objectively to sb or something that has been give acclaim or honoured with awards or prizes. She was a celebrated actress.

　　renowned: Highly honored and famous for something good. often refers to places or things, also It suggests something that has become legendary or is no longer available for an objective evaluation.

　　Edison was renowned for his inventions.

　　noted: Well-known and admired

　　It often describes a more intellectual kind of effort and accomplishment indicating an authority or expert or their theories. Maybe it is not widely

　　known to the general public. He was a very noted expert.

　　(臭名昭著) notorious: Famous for something bad.

　　He is notorious for his crimes.

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