2018英语专业四级必须掌握的语法要点:名词性从句

2017-09-05 18:08:17来源:网络

  2 作介词的宾语。

  例如:

  Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

  我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

  3 作形容词的宾语。

  例如:

  I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

  注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。

  4 it可以作为形式宾语

  it不仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。

  例如:

  We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个月就会结婚了。

  5 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词

  allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

  正确表达:I admire their winning the match.

  错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

  6 否定转移

  若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。

  例如:

  I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

  三、表语从句

  表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有The reason is that…和It is because…等结构。

  例如:

  1. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

  2. This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

  3. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

  四、同位语从句

  同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

  1 同位语从句的功能

  同位语从句对名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。

  例如:

  The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

  2 同位语在句子中的位置

  同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。

  例如:

  He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

  3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

  1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

  2. 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。

  例如:

  (1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

  (第一个that引导的是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

  (2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

  (that引导同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)


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