2018英语专四阅读理解技巧：锁定4处出题点

　　二、因果关系处

　　因果句通常是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。英语句子存在前因后果和前果后因，考生一定要弄清楚谁导致谁。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系进行颠倒，将“因变成了果、果变成了因”，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止混淆。表示因果关系的词语有：

　　(1)原因because、because of、so、for、since、as、result from、originate from、derive from;base、basis、reason,、above all、after all等。

　　【例题】

　　① The defining term ofintelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests arenot given as often as they used to be. ② The test comes primarilyin two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the WechslerIntelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version)。③ Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usuallygiven only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstoresand the World Wide Web. ④ Superhigh scores like vosSavant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statisticalpopulation distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mentalage by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. ⑤ Otherstandardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and theGraduate Record Exam (GRE)， capture themain aspects of IQ tests.

　　28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high asvos Savant's because

　　[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.

　　[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

　　[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

　　[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

　　(2)结果：thus, therefore,consequently, in consequence, as a result; lead to, attribute to, result,consequence, result in, cause等。

　　【例题】

　　We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use ofsubstances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine tobe sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of asubstance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess willproduce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substancedependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more andmore of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by theappearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance isdiscontinued.

　　61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from________.

　　[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time

　　[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes

　　[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment ofdiseases

　　[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms

　　(3)有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是句与句在逻辑关系上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行仔细判断和推理。

　　【例题】

　　There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in theinterest of business to universalize access — after all, the more peopleonline, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will benetted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrowrather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because theInternet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty thatwe've ever had.

　　56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it________.

　　[A] offers economic potentials

　　[B] can bring foreign funds

　　[C] can soon wipe out world poverty

　　[D] connects people all over the world

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