2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解:非谓语动词

2018-03-20 11:28:11来源:网络

  This problem needs thinking about.

  f)can not help but,rather than,sooner than,had better,other than短语后接不带to的不定式。例如:

  He said he'd sooner die than betray his friend.

  g)介词后一般使用动名词作宾语,不用不定式;但是在介词but,except,save后接不定式作宾语,同时,若前面有do anything/nothing/everything结构时,其后接不带to的不定式作宾语。例如:

  He wanted nothing but to stay there.

  They did nothing but complain.

  ·现在分词和过去分词作定语、状语的区别。主要考点为:

  a)现在分词的一般时表示主动的、正在进行的动作;过去分词的一般时表示被动的、已经完成的动作。分词短语作定语时,逻辑主语为它所修饰的名词;分词短语作状语时,逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致。例如:

  He stood by the window,reading abook.

  There is not much work finished.

  c) 表示已经完成的主动的动作,使用现在分词的完成时。例如:

  Having finished his homework,Tom went out to meet his friends.

  c)表示正在进行的被动的动作,使用现在分词的一般被动式。例如:

  This is the question being discussed.

  d)表示已经完成的被动动作,既可以用现在分词的完成被动式,也可以用过去分词,但是前者只作状语,不可作定语,而后者作定语、状语均可。例如:

  Having been praised asecond time/Praised asecond time,I decided to make still greater progress.

  The stolen car was found by the police last week.

  e)当分词有独立主语(不同于主句主语的名词或代词)时,则是一种独立主格结构形式。例如:

  The bell ringing,we all stopped talking.(=When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.)

  There being no bus,we had to walk home.(=There was no bus,so we had to walk home.)

  f)现在分词being在独立主格结构中往往被省略。例如:

  He came into the room,his face(being)red with cold.

  ·不定式和分词作句子的定语、状语的区别:

  a)动词不定式可以作目的状语,分词不可以。例如:

  He got up at6a.m.to catch the earliest train.

  b)现在分词可以作结果状语,但是在so...as to...,such...as to...,...enough to...等结构中需用不定式作结果状语。例如:

  They all went out,leaving the5-year-old Tom to stay at home alone.

  He is not so silly as to do such thing.

  c)不定式to find,to see,to learn等通常表示意外的结果,前面可以加上only突出不愉快。例如:

  He woke up,only to find himself in adark room.

  d)分词短语可以作时间状语和伴随状语,不定式则不可以。例如:

  They came out of the classroom,laughing and chatting.(伴随状语)

  When asked to speak,he complained about the poor service.(时间状语)


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