2019英语专八模拟试卷及答案（二）

PASSAGE THREE

　　BBC ‘s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain.

　　The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.

　　The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.

　　Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of “potential persons”. Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claming to provide enlightenment. When is this “potential” supposed to kick in? In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.

　　The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness. Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.

　　1. What has caused the chronic organ shortage?

　　[A] a decrease in donation rates. [B] inefficient governmental policy.

　　[C] illegal trade in human organs. [D] news media’s indifference.

　　2. The expression “pussyfooting around” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) might mean______.

　　[A] unfair [B] hesitant [C] secret [D] strict

　　3. The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that _____.

　　[A] the government has stopped the experiment on human tissue

　　[B] the donation consent forms are difficult to understand

　　[C] the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical research

　　[D] embryonic research shows disregard for human life

　　4. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?

　　[A] the rich and the poor are equal in the face of death. [B] more scientists are needed for the medical advancement.

　　[C] there is a double standard in medical ethics. [D] the dead deserve the same attention as the living.

　　5. The author is most critical of_____.

　　[A] the media [B] doctors [C] U. S. Legislators [D] the British government

专四专八精选好课 暖心助学

新东方好老师 手把手带学