2019英语专八模拟试卷及答案（二）

2019英语专八模拟试卷答案

　　PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]共25分每小题1分

　　SECTION A MINI-LECTURE 15分

听力原文

　　[00:10.12]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS--GRADE EIGHT

　　[00:13.51]Section A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:16.97]In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:20.29]You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:23.73]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:25.82]please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE

　　[00:30.29]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

　　[00:34.70]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:39.23]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:41.85]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

　　[00:45.67]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:19.89]Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:22.30]When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:25.05]to check your work.

　　[01:27.25]Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American Cultures

　　[01:32.28]Good morning, everyone.

　　[01:34.29]Today we are going to talk about the major differences

　　[01:37.66]between Chinese cultures and American cultures.

　　[01:41.58]China is one of those interesting cultures

　　[01:44.32]mainly because what we usually know about the country is

　　[01:48.57]through movies or local Chinese restaurants.

　　[01:52.43]What I've learned over the years is

　　[01:54.61]that this kind of knowledge is usually useless.

　　[01:58.77]So, being an American

　　[02:01.07]what do I see as the 8 biggest cultural differences between the two countries?

　　[02:08.39]Before I actually dive into the differences,

　　[02:11.91]I just want you to know

　　[02:13.90]that these differences do not make either culture better or worse than the other one.

　　[02:20.13]It just shows their differences which have been created

　　[02:24.10]through centuries of history and development.

　　[02:27.99]China can trace their traditions and customs for thousands of years.

　　[02:33.06]America is still a small baby of a nation

　　[02:36.95]that has had very few traditions of its own

　　[02:40.18]but has become such a melting pot of cultures

　　[02:43.68]that there is almost no specific American culture

　　[02:47.35]that can be said to be applied across the board.

　　[02:51.08]This makes both cultures unique and worthy of study and respect.

　　[02:56.69]With this in mind, let's begin with the 8 biggest differences.

　　[03:02.84]1. Social Structure.

　　[03:05.88]In China the social structure is formal and hierarchical.

　　[03:10.84]You know where you fit in the structure and you abide by the rules there.

　　[03:15.75]There is no crossing into other areas.

　　[03:19.15]In America, it is much more loose and informal.

　　[03:23.50]It is not uncommon to see

　　[03:25.05]those of various social levels socializing and knowing each other.

　　[03:30.11]There are very few lines that socially are not allowed to be crossed.

　　[03:35.49]This can cause problems in business relationships

　　[03:38.71]if the visiting culture is unaware of it.

　　[03:42.68]2. Confrontation/Conflict.

　　[03:47.18]If you are planning on conducting business in China

　　[03:50.44]or expecting an extended stay,

　　[03:52.84]it might be useful to know

　　[03:54.70]that the direct way that most Americans approach issues

　　[03:58.32]is not the way to go in China.

　　[04:01.54]Direct conflict or confrontation over issues is highly frowned upon.

　　[04:08.23]Doesn't matter that the "truth" needs to be spoken,

　　[04:11.96]respect and honour to each person replace that.

　　[04:16.20]To prove a point and show yourself in the right even over business issues

　　[04:21.50]is considered shameful and should be avoided.

　　[04:25.66]3. Self.

　　[04:28.29]The Chinese looks more at the group collectivism than at individualism.

　　[04:34.07]America has become known for its push of individualism

　　[04:38.17]which has been a source of conflict with other cultures that look collectively.

　　[04:44.07]A person from China is more prone to look at

　　[04:47.62]how their acts affect the whole instead of how it affects them personally.

　　[04:53.62]They are more willing to give up and sacrifice for the greater good.

　　[04:58.39]America's individualism has been its backbone

　　[05:01.93]and the reason for its success as a world power,

　　[05:05.33]but when visiting China it needs to be reined in.

　　[05:10.54]4. Face and Reputation.

　　[05:14.79]Reputation of the individual is very important in China.

　　[05:19.75]If an action will humiliate someone or ruin a reputation, it is avoided.

　　[05:26.66]When shame occurs,

　　[05:28.22]the person sacrifices his job or whatever it is that will heal the shame.

　　[05:34.87]In America, reputations come and go overnight

　　[05:39.29]and in the end usually does not matter.

　　[05:42.56]The end result is more of the focus.

　　[05:46.02]A person is more likely to overlook a reputation to get the job done.

　　[05:52.82]5. Business Relations.

　　[05:56.67]When doing business in China, be prepared for much socializing.

　　[06:02.33]Business becomes secondary as the parties get to know each better.

　　[06:07.92]If it delays a contract, that is perfectly acceptable

　　[06:11.97]as long as the correct social time is allotted for.

　　[06:16.32]In America, business associates are usually more aloof.

　　[06:21.82]There might be some social gathering

　　[06:24.13]but the business is more important

　　[06:26.79]and the socializing will be sacrificed to get the job done if needed.

　　[06:31.92]Though there seems to be shift in America regarding this.

　　[06:35.92]The recognition of networking is becoming more pronounced.

　　[06:41.54]6. Morals.

　　[06:44.70]Chinese society places high values on the morals of their people.

　　[06:50.14]Marriage is not encouraged until the late twenties.

　　[06:53.99]In fact, dating is discouraged early in a young adult's life

　　[06:58.61]and proprieties are expected to be held up.

　　[07:02.42]The American culture is much more relaxed

　　[07:05.63]and some could even argue that there needs to be more morality emphasized.

　　[07:12.50]7. Humility.

　　[07:15.29]Humility is a revered virtue in Chinese culture.

　　[07:19.70]The success of one's business or personal life is downplayed

　　[07:24.29]while in America the successes are lauded.

　　[07:28.23]Most Americans in the fast business world consider humility a sign of weakness.

　　[07:35.22]This can be an issue that hurts inter-cultural relations.

　　[07:39.89]Be very sensitive to comments and actions in the presence of another culture.

　　[07:46.08]8. Time Sensitivity.

　　[07:49.44]Crossing cultures for business can be frustrating

　　[07:52.57]when it interferes with getting the job done.

　　[07:56.09]Most Americans are very time sensitive when it comes to meetings and deadlines.

　　[08:02.43]If the meeting was to commence at 2:00,

　　[08:05.90]then all parties are to be present at that time.

　　[08:09.83]The Chinese do not view time as an absolute but more as a suggestion.

　　[08:15.80]Concern is not expressed for a meeting starting late or ending at a different time.

　　[08:22.21]The same can be applied to deadlines.

　　[08:25.07]If a report is due on Friday,

　　[08:27.52]an American would be waiting for that report to be received

　　[08:30.97]before end of business day.

　　[08:33.63]The Chinese would not worry if it showed up several days later.

　　[08:38.64]Ok, today, we've taken a brief look at the 8 major differences

　　[08:44.28]between the Chinese cultures and the American cultures,

　　[08:48.12]which are permeated in the socio-economical aspects of the life.

　　[08:53.45]In the next lecture, we will do a case study

　　[08:56.39]on the cultural shock experienced by an American in China.

　　[09:02.50]Now you have THREE minutes to check your work.

　　[12:06.88]This is the end of Section A MINI-LECTURE.

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