2022年专八语言学笔记要点 (9)

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　　Chapter 9 Second Language Acquisition (SLA)

　　l What is SLA?

　　n What is language acquisition?

　　u The natural process of children’s language development.

　　u It is different from language learning.

　　u Four stages of language acquisition

　　l Babbling – holophrastic – two-word – telegraphic

　　n What is second language acquisition (SLA)?

　　u SLA is learning a language in F2 (the language being learnt) language environment.

　　u It is different from foreign language learning, which is learning a language in F1 language environment.

　　u The major difference is the environment.

　　n Foreign language teaching (FLT) and second language teaching (SLT)

　　n SLA theory

　　l Factors affecting SLA

　　n External factors: social factors

　　u Social demand

　　u Language policy

　　n Internal factors: learner factors

　　u Motivation

　　l Instrumental

　　l Integrative

　　u Age

　　u Learning strategy

　　l Cognitive

　　n Repetition

　　n Translation

　　n Note-taking

　　l Metacognitive

　　n Organizing

　　n Self-monitoring

　　n Self-evaluation

　　u Personality

　　u Attitude

　　l Analysis of learners’ language

　　n Why analyze?

　　u Learners’ language provides data for research into the nature of the learning process. In order to gain insight into the process, researchers have engaged in the analysis of learners’ language.

　　n How to analyze?

　　u Contrastive analysis

　　l Compare the target language with the mother tongue.

　　u Error analysis

　　l Identifying errors

　　n Errors are due to the fault in knowledge of the speaker, while mistakes are because of unsuccessful performance.

　　l Describing errors

　　n Omission

　　- He came into _ classroom with a book in _ hand.

　　n Addition/wordy

　　- My child goes to his school.

　　n Selection

　　- I hope/wish…

　　n Disordering

　　- I yesterday went to … (I, yesterday, went to …/I went to … yesterday)

　　l Explaining errors and analyzing reason

　　n Interlingual factors

　　- Mother tongue’s influence

　　n Intralingual factors

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