2023英语专业四级阅读理解做预读笔记的5个问题

2023英语专业四级阅读理解做预读笔记的5个问题

　　专四备考中，掌握一些英语专四备考攻略，可以帮助大家更高效的备考英语专四，那么具体的这些攻略都有哪些?下面小编为大家整理了“2023英语专业四级阅读理解做预读笔记的5个问题”，希望同学们可以更好的进行积累训练，在接下来的专四考试中，能够顺利完成考试。

　　正式阅读前的预读

　　要进行英语阅读，必须首先具有一定的词汇量(包括固定词组)和语法积累。但是这并不等于阅读就过了关;我们还必须掌握一定的阅读方法或技巧，才能对原文有更准确和深刻的理解。特别在阅读一些不大熟悉的材料时，阅读技巧就显得尤为重要，正式阅读前的预读就是首先应该掌握的技巧。

　　有些学生不管在平时还是在考试时，一拿到文章后，马上就开始仔细阅读文章中的每个句子。因此往往一段读下来，还不知该文章的主题。这样既费时，理解效果也不好。比较可取的方法是:

　　在正式阅读前，先预读一遍，然后再细读每个句子。如果不习惯通读全文，或者在考试中时间不允许，那么至少也应该读其中一段或几个句子，然后再逐句细读。这样做的目的是为了了解全文或某一段的大致内容，既有利于读者根据上下文选择合适的词义，分析词和词、句和句之间的关系，也有利于读者根据文章内容涉及的领域、人物、地理等背景情况，从自己的头脑里调用相关的背景知识来帮助理解文章的内容，提高阅读效率。事实上，通读和细读相结合本身就是基本阅读技巧之一。

　　在正式阅读一篇文章(尤其是较长篇幅的文章)之前，以下的步骤能帮助读者更有效地组织思路、理解原文:

　　仔细阅读文章的标题(如果有的话);阅读诸如副标题、斜体字、黑体字等内容，快速浏览图表、数字，以便了解主题内容和写作目的;阅读文章的第一段和以后各段的第一和最后一个句子，因为许多作者常常把他们要表达的中心大意放在段落的第一句或最后一句里;如果存在一个结论性的段落，也应仔细阅读。通过预读方式，读者能基本了解文章的中心大意，语言的难度，以及细读时可能会遇到的问题。预读时还应带着问题阅读，这些问题将有助于读者决定他们细读时所需要的阅读技巧。下面是一些阅读问题的例子。

　　1. 我是否熟悉文章所涉及的话题?

　　2. 文章的写作风格是文学性的(literary)，还是事实性的(factual)?

　　3. 对于这样的文章，我是否能以较快的阅读速度来获得较好的理解?

　　4. 作者的写作目的是什么?

　　5. 文章整体的语言难度如何?词汇是普通词汇还是专业词汇?

　　6. 作者通过这篇文章想告诉我们什么?

　　7. 文章能回答哪些主要问题?

　　快速预读下面一篇文章，时间控制在一分钟内。在预读过程中可随手写下几个你认为完成阅读本文后可得到答案的问题。

　　Those Funny Things Your Body Does

　　Gooseflesh, dimples, yawning — they may seem strange to you, but your body

　　knows what its doing.

　　What Causes “Butterflies” in the Stomachs?

　　Your body is often a road map of your emotions — blushing, gooseflesh, and

　　that quivering sensation in your stomach when youre nervous or anxious are all

　　psychosomatic reactions. States of emotional excitability bring on muscular

　　contractions throughout the body, resulting in generalized tension.

　　“Butterflies” in your stomach is merely a localized tension state, caused by

　　muscle spasms in the stomach and intestines, as well as an oversecretion of

　　hormones from the adrenal glands. At the same time, your hands may get sweaty

　　and your heart thump, proof again of the interconnection between the bodys

　　systems.

　　Why Does Your Hair Turn Gray?

　　Scientists are still puzzling over this one. They know that hair colour is

　　due to tiny pigment granules scattered along the inside of the hair shaft. They

　　also know that these pigments are produced by cells near the hair root, and are

　　deposited in the shaft as it forms. But researchers still dont understand the

　　exact chemical process that takes place in the hair bulb and causes the pigment

　　cells to stop producing colour. Most people develop noticeable gray hairs by

　　their mid40s, although a lucky few make it to their 50s with no change in

　　colour. Generally, blondes gray before brunettes. And, contrary to numerous

　　ghost stories, there are no scientific data to show that hair can turn gray

　　overnight (although rapid graying may be the result of disease). Unfortunately,

　　the process is irreversible. Vitamins wont bring back that lost colour,

　　either.What Is a Dimple? Its a shame that such a charming feature should have so

　　mundane a cause, but here are the prosaic facts: The skin is attached to muscles

　　underneath the surface, and some people have an extra point of attachment,

　　usually on the cheek. When the facial muscles contract, they draw the skin up at

　　that point, forming a dimple.

　　Why Do You Get Gooseflesh?

　　Remember the last time you stepped out of the shower into an

　　airconditioned room? A chill passed over your body, leaving your skin rippled

　　with little bumps. What happened? Once again, an instantaneous reaction took

　　place, triggered either physiologically by the cold or psychologically by fear

　　or stress. The autonomic nervous system called into action a group of tiny

　　muscles, each of which is linked to one of the millions of hair shafts all over

　　your skin surface. When these muscles, medically known as the erector pili,

　　contract, they lift the skin and hair attached to them. This closes off the

　　pores and blood vessels, preventing heat loss. The result: gooseflesh.

　　Can You Really Be “Double Jointed”?

　　Boasting of their prowess, kids will try to impress their friends by

　　performing such astounding feats as twisting their thumbs backward toward their

　　forearms, or bending their fingers into grotesque positions. But

　　“doublejointedness” is a misnomer — its the ligaments, not the joints, that are

　　responsible for these supple movements. Joints (“articulations,” as the medical

　　books say) are the mooch fibrous sheaths at the end of every bone. Lined with

　　cartilage and lubricated by the sticky fluid contained in small sacs known as

　　bursas, joints — due to their unique construction — permit a certain amount of

　　movement but also restrain us from moving in ways that may cause injury.

　　Ligaments, tough but flexible ropes of fibrous tissue, hold the joints together

　　and thus support the skeletal system. Because of their construction, some

　　peoples ligaments stretch more than others, allowing for the increased agility

　　that we have come to call double jointedness.

　　Why Do We Yawn?

　　Did you ever notice that when youre exhausted, drowsy, or simply bored,

　　your breathing becomes shallow? Actually, your rate of respiration slows, too.

　　Under normal circumstances, most people inhale and exhale 12-24 times a minute,

　　bringing in 9-12 pints of air. But this rate can drop as low as 7 or 8 times per

　　minute, as it does during sleep, for example. Although most people think carbon

　　dioxide is “the bad guy” in terms of normalizing respiration (oxygen being “the

　　good guy”) it is actually the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the

　　bloodstream that brings our respiration rate back up to normal when it starts to

　　slide. Nerve cells in the respiratory centre (in the brain stem just above the

　　spinal cord) are highly sensitive to carbon dioxide. When there is too much of

　　it in the blood, the centre signals the lungs or respiratory muscles to breathe

　　deeper and faster. At the same time, the autonomic nervous system (which

　　controls internal organs, muscles, and nerves without your realizing it) signals

　　the facial muscles around the jaw to contract into a yawn, forcing you to take

　　an extra deep breath. The combination of these two movements helps eliminate the

　　excess carbon dioxide. You could say that yawning provides an added boost that

　　nudges the respiratory process along.

　　下面是一些你可能在预读时写下的问题:

　　1. What kinds of bodily activities are associated with anxiety?

　　2. Can hair graying be reversed?

　　3. Is “gooseflesh” a psychological or physiological phenomenon?

　　4. Is “doublejointed” behaviour quite abnormal?

　　5. Does yawning have a psychological effect on a physiological basis?

　　你所写下的或想到的问题与以上的问题一样吗?你是否在文章中找到答案?你应该能在一分钟内找到文章大意。

　　以上就是为大家整理的“2023英语专业四级阅读理解做预读笔记的5个问题”，希望大家能够更好的掌握专四攻略，提高专四水平。

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