专四专八好课
经典
专四备考规划
0元
专四水平测试
5分钟
英语专四全程班
特惠
专八备考规划
0元
专八水平测试
5分钟
英语专八全程班
特惠
零基础英语速升
考研好课特惠
介绍
资料下载
精选1000+
新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助,更多有关专四专八的备考内容,欢迎随时关注新东方在线专四专八频道。
Topic 28: Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing
that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary.
What is your opinion?
概述:主要针对动物的生存和人类与动物的关系问题。动物一直被人类用作各种用途(for practical
purposes),包括娱乐(马戏团)、消遣(宠物)、 食用(家禽和家畜)、调查和研究(实验室动物)、商用(毛皮和药材),诸如此类。动物保护是现在
常被讨论的话题。
保护动物主要有以下一些意义:
? 维护生态系统(maintain natural ecosystems),保持生态平衡,确保可持续发展(consistent with the
principle of sustainable development);
? 人类可以从动物身上获得灵感(draw on animal-based research for inspiration);
? 人类可以探知物种的起源(the origin of life),进行科学研究(scientific research);
? 动物有生存的权利(animal rights),应该维护动物的权益(animal welfare)
解析:
支持把动物作为实验对象的观点:
? 动物不能够进行道德的判断,也不会尊重其他动物的权利(recognize the rights of other
species),没有能力做道德上的选择(have no capacity to make moral choices),因此动物比人类
低等,不能够等同于人类;
? 人类目前找不到替代动物的实验品(replacements);
? 动物的神经系统不如人类发达,痛楚已经最小化(minimize pain),而如果在人体上做实验是 不人道的 (Vivisection
practiced on human beings is inhumane.);动物和人相似 (bear a resemblance to
humans),对外部的影响和人类反应类似(respond similarly to external
disturbances),因此最适宜做人类的替代品;
? 人类的利益应该建立在动物利益之上(human interests should be placed above animal welfare),
利用动物做实验有助于科技的发展。
反对把动物作为实验对象的观点:
? 动物的生存权(the right to life )需要被保护,禁止虐待行为(the prohibition of torture);
? 很多时候,动物实验的目的只是为了一些商业用途(industrial products),这是不道德的;
? 动物实验的结果和信息是不可靠的,具有误导性〔unreliable and misleading),毕竟人类和动物有很大的不同(many
differences between humans and animals)
范文
Perhaps no subject in the moral community is as controversial as animal
testing. Animals, many people believe, merit more humane treatment. When
animal-based experiments have long been the centre of criticism, I am of the
opinion that such experiments are essential to both the well-being of human
beings and that of animals.
There is little doubt, first of all, that most of the animal-based
experiments are conducted for the development of technology and to date, there
is little chance of finding satisfying substitutions for animals, Animals are
used mainly because they bear a close resemblance to humans, either in behaviour
or in cell structure. They respond to external disturbances (such as electrical
shock) nearly in the same manner as humans do. There is much evidence that most
of what people know about themselves, including pain, stress, reproduction and
nutrition, is based on findings of animal-based experiments. Animal testing
proves one of the main approaches to predict the risk when drugs or other
products are used on humans.
Another fact to support animal-based experiment is that animals are not the
equivalent of humans, and can be used as resources for human purposes. Animals
have no capacity to recognize the rights of other species. Nor will they take in
consideration the interests of other species. It is possibly one of the main
reasons why animals feed on each other. Humans, by comparison, use animal
experimentations not only for their own interests but also for the interests of
animals. For example, some medical discoveries can be used by veterinary
surgeons to give medical care and treatment to sick animals.
Despite the justifications given for vivisection, researchers have the
obligation to reduce animal testing and animal suffering. There is a growing
recognition that animal tests are mostly done for commercial purposes and most
of them are avoidable. For instance, the cosmetic industry has been exploiting
animal experimentation simply for diversifying products and maximizing profits.
The fewer cosmetic products people use, the fewer animals they have to
slaughter. When scientists are empowered to carry out cruel experiments like
vivisection, such powers should not be abused.
To summarize, one can subscribe to the notion that animals can be taken as
resources intended for the benefit of humans, although meanwhile it is certain
that suffering should be controlled to the minimum during experimentation.
近义词表
1. merit=deserve:值得
2. substitution=replacement:替代品
3. resemblance=sameness=similarity:相似
4. equivalent=counterpart;匹配的人或者物
5. capacity=ability-capability=competence=aptitude=power: 能力
6. feed on=eat=survive on:以…为食
7. slaughter=kill=massacre=slay=butcher:屠杀,屠宰
以上就是新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助,更多备考内容,欢迎随时关注新东方在线专四专八频道。
专四专八精选好课 暖心助学
新东方好老师 手把手带学
本文关键字: 英语专业四级作文
资料下载
专八听力训练:时政短语热点【word版】
发布时间:2020-04-01关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八听力】获取
专八翻译模拟练习题总结
发布时间:2020-04-01关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八翻译】获取
专四专八写作必备高级词汇
发布时间:2020-04-01关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八作文】获取
专四听力听写练习50篇文本文档
发布时间:2020-04-01关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四听力】获取
2021专四写作高级范文15篇集锦
发布时间:2020-04-01关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四写作】获取
专八基础词汇积累完整版(169页全)
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八词汇】获取
英语专业四级词汇PDF电子版
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四词汇】获取
近十年专八真题答案及听力原文
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八真题】获取
近十年专四真题答案及听力原文
发布时间:2019-12-26关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四真题】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
关注新东方在线服务号,
免费获取专四专八必看干货资料
推荐阅读
更多>>新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助,更多有关专四专八的备考内容,欢迎随时关注
来源 : 网络 2024-05-20 17:33:00 关键字 : 英语专业四级作文
新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助,更多有关专四专八的备考内容,欢迎随时关注
来源 : 网络 2024-05-20 17:33:00 关键字 : 英语专业四级作文
新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助,更多有关专四专八的备考内容,欢迎随时关注
来源 : 网络 2024-05-20 17:32:00 关键字 : 英语专业四级作文
新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助,更多有关专四专八的备考内容,欢迎随时关注
来源 : 网络 2024-05-17 17:32:34 关键字 : 英语专业四级作文
新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的相关内容,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助,更多有关专四专八的备考内容,欢迎随时关注
来源 : 网络 2024-05-17 17:31:21 关键字 : 英语专业四级作文
精彩课程推荐
更多>>直录播结合,知识点精讲,好老师带学,带你稳稳走好备考路
火热报名
直录播精讲互动二合一,新东方好老师全程带学不迷茫!
火热报名
资料下载
更多>>关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八听力】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八翻译】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八作文】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四听力】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四写作】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八词汇】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四词汇】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专八真题】获取
关注新东方在线服务号
回复【专四真题】获取
阅读排行榜
相关内容