2010年专四阅读真题答案解析

　　Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:

　　"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University).

　　"There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University).

　　"'This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University).

　　Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed," she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."

　　Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliche and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Internet. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.

　　But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about

　　the big stuff?. Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.

　　That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.

　　91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ____ memories.

　　A. great

　　B. trivial

　　C. unforgettable

　　D. unimaginative

　　92. "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explained

　　A. in the final paragraph.

　　B. in the last but one paragraph.

　　C. in the first paragraph.

　　D. in the same paragraph.

　　93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPT

　　A. death.

　　B. success.

　　C. service.

　　D. generosity.

　　94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail to

　　A. remain clear-headed.

　　B. keep good manners.

　　C. remember others' words.

　　D. recollect specific details.

　　95. What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?

　　A. Attending a graduation ceremony.

　　B. Listening to graduation speeches.

　　C. Forgetting details of memorable events.

　　D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.

　　TEXT D

　　Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.

　　In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.

　　96. According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions between

　　A. people who eat together.

　　B. the kinds of food served.

　　C. snacks and hamburgers

　　. D. family members and guests.

　　97. According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?

　　A. The English.

　　B. Americans on their first date.

　　C. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.

　　D. Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.

　　98. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT

　　A. the type of food

　　. B. social relations

　　. C. marital status.

　　D. family ties.

　　99. The last paragraph suggests that in India ____ decides how people eat.

　　A. pollution

　　B. food

　　C. culture

　　D. social status

　　100. Which of the following can best serve as the topic of the passage?

　　A. Different kinds of food in the world.

　　B. Relations between food and social units.

　　C. Symbolic meanings of food consumption.

　　D. Culture and manners of eating.

2010专四阅读答案解析

　　Text A

　　81. B. (Lines 1~2, Para.2) 由题干中的Many people believe定位至第二段第二句“Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.”，这里明确指出社会进步要靠two different aspects of science，故选B。

　　82. D. (Lines 2~4, Para.4) 由题干中的curiosity定位至第四段。第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。第三句指出“He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.”，选项B对应前一个分句，选项C对应and后的第二个分句。末句“Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.”表示他对自己有信心，且从这一过程获得愉悦，即pleasure，A也符合文意。故选D。

　　83. A. (Lines 1~2, Para.6; Line 1, Para.7) 根据第六段首句的内容，选项A中的unchecked statements是对“statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available”的概括，句首的skeptical意为“怀疑的”，说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信，故选A。选项B与第七段首句的含义一致，但由于题干中出现的是would not，故排除。选项C和D是绝对项，故排除。

　　84. C. (Line 1, Para.4; Para.9) 文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考，第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面，之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。末段对这一主旨进行概括，可见本文的主要内容是关注methods of thinking and acting，故选C。

　　85. B. 在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。文中没有任何正面或负面评价，可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式，故选B。

　　Text B

　　86. A. (Lines 1~3, Para.1) 文章首段第三句指出“Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.”，选项A与之矛盾，故为答案。根据首段末句，选项B符合文意;根据首段第一句，选项C正确;选项D是对首段末句的正确阐释。

　　87. D. (Line 1, Para.2) 由题干中的Nazca lines直接定位至第二段。第二句指出其所在的位置，故选D。

　　88. C. (Lines 2~3, Para.2) 由题干中的images定位至第二段第四句，结合前一句可知，从地面上看，只会看见乱糟糟的一堆东西，看不出是什么图案，但是在高空看，就会清晰地看出是什么图案了，故选C。

　　89. B. (Lines 1~3, Para.3) 由题干中的interest定位至第三段，根据前两句，选项B是对“the creation of the Internet”的解释，故选B。而末句提到的是对互联网对其贡献的具体说明，不是直接原因，故排除A。其余两项与提干无关，故排除。

　　90. A. (Para.4) 全文末句表达了作者的态度“Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.”这里a step in the right direction是对这种解开不解之谜方式的肯定，但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者这种谨慎的态度，故选A。

　　Text C

　　91. B. (Lines 1~2, Para.1) 由题干中的graduation speeches直接定位至首段，第二句和第三句指出，对于大多数的毕业演讲，人们能够回忆起来的是“为什么穿不舒服的鞋子”这样的琐事，故选B。

　　92. D. (Lines 1~2, Para.2) 第二段首句“But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger.”是作者表达的观点，然后对其展开说明，提供支持性细节。第二段第二句就是对该句的具体阐释。一些大学收到关注是因为其请来的演讲者备受瞩目，故选D。

　　93. D. (Para.4; Line 3, Para.7; Lines 3~4, Para.8) 第四段提到奥普拉的演讲，这里提到了success，故B符合文意;第七段末句提到“Service is the rent we pay for living”，故C符合文意;第八段末句表明A符合文意。只有generosity“慷慨”未被题记，故选D。

　　94. C. (Lines 3~4, Para.9) 由题干可定位至第九段，根据末句可知，既然是在那些时刻只想着自己脚上的泡，说明人们根本没听演讲者在说什么，自然也就不记得他们说的话了。故选C。

　　95. C. (Lines 1~2, Para.10) 末段最后指出“It’s probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it’s one of the first lessons of growing up.”，这里的it指代前一句说的“that our most ‘memorable’ occasions may elicit the fewest memories”，故选C。

　　Text D

　　96. A.(Lines 2~3, Para.1)由题干中的the English定位至首段第四句，说明英国人对谁应该和谁在一起用餐搞的很清楚，下一句也进一步说明这一点。故选A。

　　97. C.(Lines 1~2, Para.1; Lines 1~2, Para.2; Lines 1~2, Para.3)第二段首句提出“In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together.”。由第二段第二句可知，答案为C。根据首段第三句可排除A，根据第三段最后两句可排除B，D与第三段第二句矛盾。

　　98. A. (Lines 2~3, Para.1; Line 6, Para.1; Line 2, Para.3) 根据首段末句可知，通过用餐的食物，人们可以判断来客的身份以及一起用餐的人之间的关系，而不是一起用餐表明了食物的种类。故选A。根据首段第四句可知，B符合文意;从第二段可知，D符合文意;从第三段第三句可知，C符合文意。

　　99. D. (Line 1, Para.5) 末端首句提出观点，之后对其展开说明，解释在印度不同种姓人们的用餐规矩，可见rank影响他们的用餐方式，social status是对rank的同义替换，故选D。

　　100. D. 本文开篇提出主旨，之后就“Who eats together defines social units.”展开说明，分别介绍了英国人在一起的用餐规则，新几内亚社会的夫妻分开用餐等。之后提到一些用餐禁忌以及印度的种姓制度使得不同社会阶层的人不在一起用餐，可见文章的主旨是说文化对不同地区人们在一起用餐的习俗的影响。故选D。

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