2017英语专四语法总结:副词

2016-10-06 08:03:00来源:网络

  9.否定副词,如rarely,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never。

  例句:The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonnaandchild image on newsstands this week. (选自2011年Text 4)

  分析:该句是简单句。其中,分词短语showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby和 holding a cute baby分别作后置定语,修饰cover和mother。

  译文:展现“魅力妈妈怀抱可爱宝宝”的杂志封面并非本周报摊上唯一对“圣母与圣子”形象的描述。

  例句: Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues。which rarely continues beyond the age of 20是修饰主语growth的非限制性定语从句。后面的破折号起补充说明作用。

  译文: 20岁后很少有人再继续长高,长高需要热量和营养,特别是蛋白质,以满足身体组织生长的需求。

  二、副词的位置

  1.修饰形容词、副词,副词常置于它们之前(enough除外)。

  例句: The mechanisms at work are manifest in the tendency for such physical activity to utilize the potentially harmful constituents of the stress response.

  分析: 该句是简单句,其中不定式to utilize the potentially harmful constituents of the stress response作状语表示目的。

  译文: 在此起作用的机制显然有此倾向,即这种身体活动会利用应激反应中的潜在有害因素。

  例句: The newlybuilt Science Building seems substantial enough to last a hundred.

  分析: 该句是简单句,其中副词enough作定语修饰形容词substantial。

  译文: 新建的科学大楼看上去很坚固,一百年也坏不了。

  2.修饰实义动词时,副词常置于该动词后或该动词宾语后面。

  例句: The solution works only for couples who are selfemployed, dont have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主句部分为the solution works only for couples, 而who are self employed,...是修饰couples的定语从句。

  译文: 这一解决办法只适用于那些自谋职业、没有小孩子而且大部分时间待在一起和睦相处的夫妻。

  3.频率副词和否定副词一般取中间位置,置于实义动词之前、系动词be或第一个助动词之后。

  例句: As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the US, which really have surprised us all.

  分析: 该句是复合句,which really have surprised us all是一个非限制性定语从句修饰the results,主句中nowhere置于句首引起倒装。

  译文: 就计算机化的影响而言,其结果在美国比在其他任何地方都明显,这真使我们惊奇不已。

  例句: Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.

  分析: 该句是一个由but连接的并列句。

  译文: 他自然会努力去获取低息贷款,但这种贷款并不是经常能贷到的。

  4.有些副词修饰整个句子,常置于句前,并用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。

  例句: Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

  分析: 该句是简单句,句子的主干部分是legal learning has been viewed as...rather than...。

  译文: 长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

  例句: Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是the new habits create parallel pathways。we deliberately press into ourselves是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰主语the new habits。短语press into的意思是“逼迫,挤入”。另一定语从句that can bypass those old roads修饰主句的宾语parallel pathways,that作从句的主语。

  译文: 相反,我们有意培养的新习惯会形成平行的路径以避开那些原有习惯的轨道。

  5.几个副词连在一起,顺序一般为方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(或把时间副词置于句首)。

  例句: Jane lived isolatedly方式in the town地点for ten years.时间

  6.疑问副词常置于句首。

  例句: Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?

  分析: 该句是复合句,what引导的宾语从句作distrust的宾语。

  译文: 为什么那么多的美国人不相信自己在报刊上看到的东西呢?


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