2002年英语专八阅读真题

　　TEXT J

　　First read the following questions.

　　37. Who's the author of Culture/Metaculture ?

　　〔A〕Linda Anderson.

　　〔B〕Peter Childs.

　　〔C〕Adam Roberts.

　　〔D〕Francis Mulhern.

　　38. Which of the following books draws on case studies?

　　〔A〕Modernism .

　　〔B〕Science Fiction .

　　〔C〕Autobiography .

　　〔D〕Culture/Metaculture .

　　Now go through TEXT J quickly and answer the questions.

　　Autobiography

　　Linda Anderson, University of Newcastle, UK

　　This wide-ranging introduction to the study of autobiography offers a historical overview of autobiographical writing from St Augustine to the present day. Linda Anderson follows the important developments in autobiographical criticism in the last thirty years, paying particular attention to psychoanalytic, post-structuralist and feminist approaches. This volume:

　　outlines the main theoretical issues and concepts of this difficult area

　　looks at the different forms from confessions to narratives to memoirs to diaries

　　considers the major writers of this historical tradition.

　　Culture/Metaculture

　　Francis Mulhern, Middlesex University, UK

　　Culture/Metaculture is a stimulating introduction to the meanings of "culture" in contemporary Western society. This essential survey examines:

　　culture as an antidote to "mass" modernity, in the work of Thomas Mann, Julien Benda, Karl Mannheim and F. R. Leavis

　　post-war theories of "popular" culture and the rise of Cultural Studies, paying particular attention to the key figures of Raymond Williams and Stuart Hall

　　theories of "metaculture", or the ways in which culture, however defined, speaks of itself.

　　Modernism

　　Peter Childs, Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education, UK

　　With its battle cry of "Make it New", the modernist movement shook the foundations of the late nineteenth-and early twentieth-century literary establishment. Modernism offers an outstanding analysis of this literary and cultural revolution. Peter Childs immensely readable account:

　　details the origins of the modernist movement and the influence of thinkers such as Darwin, Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Saussure and Einstein

　　explores the radical changes which occurred in the literature, drama, art and film of the period

　　traces "modernism at work" in the writing of Joyce, Woolf, Mansfield, Forster, Yeats, Ford, Eliot, Beckett and other key literary figures.

　　Science Fiction

　　Adam Roberts, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK

　　Science Fiction is one of the most vigorous and exciting areas of modern culture, ranging from ground-breaking novels of ideas to blockbusters on the cinema screen. This outstanding volume offers a clear and critically engaged account of the phenomenon. Adam Roberts:

　　provides a concise history of science fiction and the ways in which the genre has been defined

　　examines the interactions between science fiction and science fact

　　anchors each chapter with a case study drawn from short story, book or film, from Frank Herbert's Dune to Barry Sonnenfeld's Men in Black .

　　TEXT K

　　First read the following questions.

　　39. What are "Cookies" in the following passage?

　　〔A〕Computer data.

　　〔B〕Shopping habits.

　　〔C〕Websites.

　　〔D〕Passwords.

　　40. How many pieces of advice are offered by the author to protect online shoppers privacy?

　　〔A〕1.

　　〔B〕2.

　　〔C〕3.

　　〔D〕4.

　　Now go through TEXT K quickly and answer the questions.

　　We all enjoy a little extra-special every now and then, whether it's a prime table at our favourite restaurant or an upgrade on that long flight across the Pacific. Being recognized makes us feel valued-and we re more likely to do business with someone who takes the time to go that extra mile. E-commerce sites know this, and they re doing everything they can to create personalized environments so we'll want to spend money online. How? By employing cookies.

　　Cookies are bits of data stored on your computer s hard drive when you visit a website. They can only be read by the site that sets them. Companies use them to store information about you and to track your behaviour on a particular website and, of course, your shopping habits.

　　Cookies help companies personalize their websites. This is how an online bookstore knows you're you, or how a news website knows to show you headlines from your hometown. Retailers use cookies to promote products they think you might like or to target ads that you might find appealing. Cookies also record user IDs and passwords so you don't have to log in each time you visit a site.

　　Cookies, however, have a darker side too, and all kinds of privacy issues lurk at every bend. On their own, cookies are generally harmless, if mildly intrusive. One potential problem, though, crops up when you enter personal information on a survey. This can be easily linked up with cookies about your surfing habit and the website knows pretty much everything there is to know about you. Often this information is used simply to show you an advertisement for a product you might want to buy. But privacy advocates worry that this information could be misused.

　　Here's what you can do as an online shopper to protect your privacy:

　　Accept only cookies that get sent back to the originating server. But Microsoft Explorer and Netscape Communicator offer this option.

　　Shop only with sites that post online privacy policies.

　　Be careful about what sort of information you give out in surveys.

　　Set up a secondary profile using an anonymous e-mail account and bogus ID. It s clandestine, but you'll surf with greater anonymity. Of course, when you actually want to buy something you'll have to give out your real name and address.

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