2018英语专四语法点：定语从句

　　注意事项：

　　(1)在非正式场合， that有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”，而且经常全部省略，

　　如：In all the years that (=when/during which) I was at collage

　　在我读大学的那些年里

　　the reason that(=why/for which)he is not happy

　　他不高兴的理由

　　The direction(that)(=in which )the heavenly bodies move can’t be changed.

　　天体运行的方向是不可改变的。

　　He is unpopular because people don’t like the offensive way (that)(=in which) he talks.

　　他不受欢迎的原因是他说话的方式让人讨厌。

　　(2)是用关系代词还是用关系副词：

　　关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词，一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分;二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因;三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词，这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。

　　如：This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year.

　　这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当地点状语)

　　This is the room(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in.

　　这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当介词宾语，可省略。)

　　This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year.

　　这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。(充当主语)

　　This is the room (which/that) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party.

　　这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。(充当宾语，可省略。)

　　The reason (that /which) he had given was not sound enough.

　　他给的理由不够充分。(充当宾语，可省略)

　　The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough.

　　他做那件事的理由不够充分。(充当原因状语)

　　This is the house where she lives.这是她住的房子。

　　【比较：This is the house (that/which) she has bought. 这是她买的房子。This is the house that/which I’ve told you is extremely expensive.这就是我和你说过极其昂贵的那幢房子。】

　　I met him in the year when I was first in Xi’an.

　　我刚到西安的那年遇到了他。

　　That is the reason why he did not come that morning.

　　那就是那天上午他没来的原因。

　　(3)定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将来时或过去将来时，从句的动作与主句的同时发生，那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

　　例：Anyone who/that touches the wire will get an electric shock.

　　任何碰这根电线的人将受到电击。(不用will touch)

　　I would give her anything that she asked for.

　　她要什么我就给她什么。(不用would ask)

　　The first person who/that opens the door will get a shock.

　　第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。(不用will open)

　　There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks.

　　任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。(不用will order)

　　但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时，

　　如：Those who will go abroad for training next year will start learning English tomorrow.

　　那些明年出国受训的人员，将从明天开始学习外语。

　　注：①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，常用that，而不用which：

　　例：Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived.

　　爱迪生是曾经有过的最伟大的发明家之一。

　　This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.

　　这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。

　　She was the greatest woman that/who has ever lived.

　　她是曾经有过的最伟大的女人。

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