2018英语专四语法点：定语从句

　　请把这句话逆翻译。有的同学会翻译为：He did well in the physics exam, this surprised me. 这句话错在什么地方呢?错在句法。这句话有两个主谓结构，是两个并列的分句，但没有连词(this 是代词)，这就成了串句。

　　再如：He’s very particular about wording, which I am not.

　　他很咬文嚼字，而我不。

　　I said nothing, which made her angry.

　　我什么也没说，这使她很生气。

　　Tom didn’t go to the show, which was a pity.

　　没去看演出，这很遗憾。

　　注意各个关系词的用法：

　　1.指人的关系代词：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：

　　(1)作主语(who, that )

　　Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch.

　　那些参加比赛的人午饭后1：30在大门口集合。

　　在本句中，先行词是those;关系代词who引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。

　　The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor.

　　正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。

　　在本句中，先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。

　　这个复合句可以还原成两个句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.

　　(2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;

　　This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。

　　在本句中，先行词是the man;关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。

　　Is he the manager (whom/that) you are looking for?

　　他是你在找的那位经理吗?

　　(3)当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时，不能用that，也不能省略，

　　如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.

　　我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。

　　Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago.

　　你刚才和他说话的那个男孩是谁?

　　I know the young couple from whose house the music is coming.

　　但是当介词放在从句末尾时，作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。

　　如上头两句可改为：

　　The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.

　　Who is the boy (that/whom) you were talking with a moment ago?

　　2.指物的关系代词which和that的用法：

　　(1)作主语

　　This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer.

　　这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。

　　(2)作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略：

　　The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.

　　你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。

　　The film (which/that) I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in WWII.

　　我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的。

　　(本句有两个定语从句。)

　　This is the bike for which I paid $ 100.

　　这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车。

　　The car(which/that)he went in was a black Cadillac.

　　他坐在里面走了的那辆汽车是一辆黑色的卡迪拉克。

　　The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.

　　我一直非常注意的公司账目，是保持平衡的。

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