2018年英语专四真题答案解析

　Conversation Two

　　对话2

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.

　　根据对话2回答第6题到第10题

　　W: Hello, and welcome to today's program. I'm Alice.

　　女：大家好，欢迎来到今天的节目。我是爱丽丝。

　　M: And I'm Jack. Hello.

　　男：我是杰克。大家好。

　　W: Hello, Jack. You're off on holiday

　　tomorrow, aren't you?

　　女：你好，杰克。你明天休假，是吗?

　　M: I am and you know, and I'm dreading it. I hate flying!

　　男：是的，你知道，我很害怕。我讨厌坐飞机!

　　W: Do you? I didn't know you had a phobia— and that means a strong and

　　unreasonable fearof something.

　　女：是吗?我不知道你有恐惧症——就是对某种事物强烈而不合理的恐惧。

　　M: Well, I don't think this is a phobia

　　because it isn't unreasonable. Flying

　　thousands of feet upin the sky, you know,

　　that's not safe!

　　男：嗯，我不认为这是恐惧症，因为它并非没有道理。你知道，在几千英尺的高空飞行很不安全!

　　W: Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It's much riskier to drive or cycle to work. And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today's show!

　　女：乘飞机比你想象得要安全，杰克。开车或骑车上班风险更大。冒险!就是今天节目的主题!

　　Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a onemile journey is the

　　same as your chances of winning the lottery?

　　风险是指发生坏事的可能性。例如，你知道一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的几率和你中彩票的几率是一样大的吗?

　　M: I didn't know that.

　　男：我不知道。

　　W: Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening?

　　女：你能猜到这两种情况发生的概率是多少吗?

　　M: I have no idea. One in a million?

　　男：我不知道。一百万分之一吗?

　　W: No, it's one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket asyou are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey.

　　女：不，是1千4百万分之一。你中全国彩票头奖的可能性就像一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的可能性一样大。

　　M: But why are we bad at assessing risk?

　　男：但是为什么我们不善于评估风险呢?

　　W: People typically fear anything which is small probability but it's extremely

　　catastrophicifit were to happen…

　　女：通常人们害怕的都是发生的可能性很小，但如果发生的话，将会是一场灾难的事情……

　　Recently we have another increase in these birds' virus outbreaks. People read about that.

　　最近这些鸟类病毒爆发事件又增加了。大家都知道这些。

　　And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot.

　　他们可能会在新闻中注意到这一点，但他们可能会忘记注射流感疫苗。

　　M: That's right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu ordying in a plane crash because we reacte

　　motionally to them.

　　男：对。我们倾向于担心重大或灾难性的事件，如感染禽流感或飞机失事伤亡，因为我们情绪上会对它们产生反应。

　　W: Yeah. Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about thesmall but chronic risks that become more likely over time.

　　女：是的。灾难性的事件感觉起来是非常真实的威胁，而我们往往会忘记那些随着时间的推移变得更有可能发生的，小而长期的风险。

　　M: We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smokedit?

　　男：是的。举个例子，如果有一根烟，你一抽完就会死，会出现什么样的情况?

　　Nobody would do that, would they?

　　没有人会那样做，对不对?

　　W: No, they wouldn't.

　　女：对，没有人会那样做。

　　M: But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the healthrisksfor the future.

　　男：但是很多人很乐意吸烟很多年，并没有担心未来可能出现的健康风险。

　　W: Yes, that's a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch overtime. You know, they think,"I could stop tomorrow" or "I could smoke less".

　　女：是的，说得好，杰克!随着时间的推移，人们觉得他们能够控制住风险。你知道，他们会想，“我明天可以停下来”或者“我可以少抽烟”。

　　But what about people who really enjoy

　　taking big risks— those thrill seekers out there?

　　但是那些真正喜欢冒险的人——那些寻求刺激的人呢?

　　M: People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger— it gives them extremepleasure!

　　男：喜欢极限运动的人实际上是在寻找危险，那给了他们极大的乐趣!

　　If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high, or hopefully evenhigher...

　　如果风险真的很高，那就意味着其中乐趣需要同样高，甚至更高……

　　W: You're right.

　　女：你说的对。

　　PART III LANGUAGE USAGE

　　11. C. is believed to have been

　　12. D. has been maintaining

　　13. B. otherwise

　　14. C. hazy blue Virginia

　　15. A. the evil

　　16. D. are of war

　　17. A. its most basic

　　18. C. to reveal an undesirable consequence

　　19. B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.

　　20. A. a hypothesis

　　21. C. trial

　　22. B. Arguably

　　23. C. offset

　　24. D. recollection

　　25. B. constitutes

　　26. D. extra

　　27. A. filed

　　28. D. wreck

　　29. C. countless

　　30. D. maritime

　　PART IV CLOZE

　　31. M. unknown

　　32. B. automatically

　　33. F. kind

　　34. I. one

　　35. C. couple

　　36. N. virtue

　　37. E. indebtedness

　　38. D. goes

　　39. O. widespread

　　40. L. subscribe

　　PART V READING COMPREHENSION

　　SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

　　41. D. successful competition is essential in American society

　　42. B. Cause and effect.

　　43. C. Sarcastic.

　　44. A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.

　　45. D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.

　　46. C. source of funding

　　47. B. promote market rather than achievements

　　48. C. Her sister Josephine told her.

　　49. B. sat in an armchair all the time

　　50. A. She was indifferent now.

　　SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

　　51. Individual freedom.

　　52. Some awards aren’t rewards for real achievements.

　　53. Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects.

　　54. Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy.

　　55. The real cause was her extreme disappointment.

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