2019英语专八模拟试卷及答案（六）

2019英语专八模拟试卷答案

　　PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]共25分每小题1分

　　SECTION A MINI-LECTURE 15分

听力原文

　　[00:10.12]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS--GRADE EIGHT

　　[00:13.51]Section A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:16.97]In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:20.29]You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:23.73]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:25.82]please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE

　　[00:30.29]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

　　[00:34.70]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:39.23]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:41.85]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

　　[00:45.67]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:19.89]Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:22.30]When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:25.05]to check your work.

　　[01:27.24]Preventing Cross Cultural Miscommunication

　　[01:31.28]Good morning everyone.

　　[01:33.02]Today, I am going to talk about preventing cross cultural miscommunication.

　　[01:39.82]Miscommunication between people happens all the time,

　　[01:43.99]especially when one of the parties is using a second language.

　　[01:48.55]We often end up hearing miscommunication stories in the form of a joke:

　　[01:53.59]"You wouldn't believe what happened to me..."

　　[01:56.64]But we don't always hear all of the stories,

　　[02:00.00]especially when we cause the miscommunication with international audiences.

　　[02:05.97]Native English speakers have the so called advantage of

　　[02:10.57]speaking the so-called world language.

　　[02:14.24]If this is your case,

　　[02:15.86]it is likely your audience put up with the visible problems of miscommunication.

　　[02:21.84]You may not even be aware there is any miscommunication,

　　[02:26.01]and your communication can suffer from it.

　　[02:29.43]Misunderstandings lead to doubt about the real intent of others.

　　[02:34.48]This can have a very negative effect on a communication bottom line.

　　[02:39.96]That's why when we communicate in English

　　[02:43.07]and deal with international audiences,

　　[02:45.93]we need to pay special attention to any miscommunication.

　　[02:50.91]First of all, we need to address cultural differences in communication styles.

　　[02:57.26]Every country has its own communication style and habits.

　　[03:02.11]These different styles do not translate well,

　　[03:05.49]so we need to pay special attention to communication with foreign people.

　　[03:11.03]Americans like to use slang words and phrases

　　[03:14.63]that even other Americans don't always understand.

　　[03:19.63]"I'm jazzed when that happens!"

　　[03:22.30]Japanese people do not like to refuse something,

　　[03:25.54]so they say that it will be discussed "later". Later means never.

　　[03:31.82]French people can get easily offended.

　　[03:35.06]For example, every word has to have a French translation —

　　[03:40.23]e-mail, mail, and mèl are too English, so the word "courriel" was created.

　　[03:49.06]Germans love details and Italians don't.

　　[03:53.06]And the list of generalized differences can go on and on.

　　[03:58.04]Understanding the cultural differences, we must ask the second question:

　　[04:03.95]how can cross cultural communication be easy?

　　[04:08.26]Before trying to learn everything about all of the different cultures out there,

　　[04:14.46]it is important to look at your own communication styles first.

　　[04:19.44]How is our own English language perceived in different cultures?

　　[04:24.60]Here are some of the main stumbling blocks for foreigners

　　[04:28.52]trying to understand what we have said.

　　[04:32.44]The first one in the list is metaphor traps.

　　[04:36.44]In English we have the habit of using sport and military metaphors.

　　[04:42.16]We even use mixed metaphors and dead metaphors.

　　[04:46.58]Here are some examples of the metaphors we use:

　　[04:50.13]We talk about "leveling the playing field"

　　[04:53.42]before we "charge straight in" to the "front line of operations".

　　[04:58.90]He can "step up to the plate and grab the bull by the horns".

　　[05:04.13]"I gather you've understood" that "to grasp this concept"

　　[05:08.42]is a "touchdown for our team".

　　[05:11.66]These phrases actually mean something.

　　[05:14.77]And yet how many people would not follow their meanings?

　　[05:19.13]You might say: these metaphors are as subtle as a sledgehammer,

　　[05:23.92]everyone would understand them.But this is not the case.

　　[05:28.52]The second stumbling block is the confusion over conditionals.

　　[05:33.56]Another area of miscommunication where native English speakers mislead foreigners

　　[05:40.44]is the use of the conditional: could, should, would, and the hypothetical: if.

　　[05:48.09]We use these variations in English more than in many other cultures.

　　[05:53.69]It is simple. To your international audience, "could" and "can" mean "will".

　　[06:01.73]"If you pay on time, we can deliver on time"

　　[06:06.09]will be heard as "we will deliver on time".

　　[06:09.76]Instead, try saying, we will begin manufacturing after your payment is received.

　　[06:17.49]Then make sure that your client has heard you, understood you,

　　[06:21.60]and is willing to act on your conversation.

　　[06:25.46]The third trouble is unknowing lack of respect.

　　[06:29.89]English speakers can rapidly create bad impressions

　　[06:33.69]by being inappropriately informal.

　　[06:37.42]Many cultures have a different concept of respect and formality.

　　[06:42.71]In many cultures people will only address others

　　[06:46.53]using personal names after several months — or not at all.

　　[06:51.45]Native English speakers from all countries generally address acquaintances

　　[06:56.67]on a first name basis faster than in some cultures.

　　[07:01.34]Americans being the champions with the general use of nick names added to the mix.

　　[07:07.50]Beginning your conversation informally in many cultures can be insulting.

　　[07:13.66]With these stumbling blocks in mind, let's come to the third part of my talk today:

　　[07:21.25]English guidelines to avoid miscommunication.

　　[07:25.36]You can eliminate many sources of cross cultural miscommunication

　　[07:30.28]simply by paying attention to your own use of English.

　　[07:34.93]After looking at the above points, here are some guidelines:

　　[07:39.43]1. Be aware of the metaphors you use, explain them clearly.

　　[07:45.10]Better yet, eliminate them.

　　[07:48.21]2. Avoid making a conditional statement when possible.

　　[07:53.70]Clearly identify what you are saying, doing, promising.

　　[07:58.37]Better yet, simplify your communication and your offer.

　　[08:03.66]3. Be aware of the other person's cultural habits

　　[08:08.26]with regards to respect as much as possible.

　　[08:11.93]If you are not familiar with the other person's habits,

　　[08:15.23]the least you can do is to ask for permission to call them by their first name.

　　[08:20.27]Better yet, ask them how people call them in their own country,

　　[08:25.12]and ask if you can call them in the same way.

　　[08:28.92]The bottom line is this: If you want to communicate effectively across cultures

　　[08:35.21]you must use simple English.

　　[08:37.82]The drawback of communicating effectively across cultures

　　[08:42.18]is that your vocabulary will probably become severely reduced in size.

　　[08:48.09]The advantage is

　　[08:49.57]that your communication will be more pertinent, direct, and stronger.

　　[08:55.18]Examining your own communication habits and their cross cultural implications

　　[09:00.96]is the best place to start.

　　[09:03.39]Your own communication will be the source of

　　[09:06.69]fewer stories of cultural communication blunders.

　　[09:10.67]And your own communication becomes a strong tool

　　[09:14.65]to get more international friends.

　　[09:17.58]OK. I think we have covered how to prevent most cross cultural miscommunication

　　[09:23.68]by examining your own English communication.

　　[09:27.35]Next time, we will discuss the way American culture is perceived by foreign cultures.

　　[09:35.76]Now you have THREE minutes to check your work.

　　[12:40.52]This is the end of Section A MINI-LECTURE.

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